Super tall, super skinny and super expensive: a new generation of New York skyscrapers, some taller than the Empire State building, are altering the world's most famous skyline.
And it's not just the masonry that's soaring to new heights. The prices have also gone stratospheric: three apartments sold recently for more than US$100 million (RM382.5 million) apiece.
Half a dozen buildings are planned or under construction in Central Park south, affording views across the park. Others are concentrated around Madison Square Park, or still further south.
"There really is a new type in skyscraper history that is just beginning to appear," said Carol Willis, historian, founder, director and curator of The Skyscraper Museum.
They "will proliferate in the next five to 10 years and really change the character of the Manhattan skyline", she added.
The buildings are between 50 and 90 storeys high. Their architects are sometimes international celebrities. Those who buy are multi-millionaires from across the world who consider a "trophy apartment" in the sky an investment or chic pied a terre.
Many residents do not even live in New York full time.
0ne57 at 157 West 57th Street, known as Billionaires Row just south of Central Park, is one of the prime examples.
Completed in 2014, it stands at 306m tall, has 75 storeys and 92 apartments in the clouds.
It was fleetingly the highest residential building in New York until it was dethroned by the nearly finished 432 Park, an ultra-thin cuboid of 104 apartments at 1,396 feet.
It is higher than the Empire State Building, minus its antenna – 1,250 feet without, 1,454 feet with.
Another is 217 West 57th Street projected to rise to 1,500 feet and 111 West 57th Street, due for completion in 2018, will be particularly slender at 1,428 feet, and at its widest, 60 feet by 80 feet.
Several other projects have already been approved around Central Park, according to the Municipal Art Society of New York (MAS), the author of a report called the Accidental Skyline.
But it's not as much the height, which has always defined New York, but the delicacy of the buildings that is striking.
This is explained by the cost of land and New York zoning regulations, which since 1961 have restricted the square feet of land on which property can be built, but not how high.
Developers can buy "air rights" from neighbouring, smaller buildings, allowing them to build higher and afford their clients unrestricted views.
Panoramic views come with hefty price tags so air rights are increasingly expensive in a frenetic New York real estate market.
"Views have values, and that value is reflected in the air rights in the sky," says Willis.
But these skinny towers, made possible by progress in technology and building materials, in particular on how to withstand strong winds, don't make everyone happy.
The first ones to be built have already cast long shadows over Central Park, sports grounds, the zoo and a children's carousel, according to MAS.
"We believe that public access to light, air and green space cannot be sacrificed," it said in the report, which has studied in minute detail the shadows expected to be cast.
"Protecting these qualities is critical to the economic health of New York City and the well being of New Yorkers," it said.
MAS says nearly all the skyscrapers are built without proper public review, so there is no assessment of their impact.
The zoning regulations, dating back 50 years, are out of date, she says and calls for a re-look at urban planning.
According to Willis, these ultra-slender towers will remain unique to New York given their eye watering cost.
"Until the market in New York was able to achieve US$3,000 per square foot for construction, you didn't have any of those towers, because the high price of construction was not repaid in the high selling price," she said.
